An-Nashir Muhammad Ibn Qalawun: Greatest Sultan From Mameluke Dynasty.

 

Source: Assasin Creed Wikia.

Today, we will discuss greatest sultan from  Bahri Mameluke Dynasty who maybe dont discussed as popular theme. Maybe, people more know two Mameluke Sultan at his early time, Sayf Addin Quthuz and Zhahir Addin Baybars. Today, we will discuss about Greatest Mameluke Sultan who maybe not popular at popular historiography. Please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. Easy verb for you, but have big role for our project educate people about Islamic History and civilization, special for Millenial Muslim Youngers. Happy reading and enjoy this article.

According Historian Philip.K.Hitti, An-Nashir Muhammad /Muhammad Ibn Qalawun, ruled  for 3 times, 1293-1294 AD, 1298-1308 AD, and 1309 to 1340 AD.  At his goverment, Mameluke Dynasty get threat from Mongols Empire At Persia ( Ilkhan Dynasty). At 1299 AD, Mongols Empire at Persia doing invasion to Mameluke Territories at  Syria.  At this era, Ilkhan Dynasty lead by Mahmud Ghazan.

Ghazan, though he was convert to Islam, want attack Syria and Egypt that under Mameluke Dynasty. Broke confrontation beetwen Ilkhan Dynasty and Mameluke Dynasty. At his time, An-Nashir Muhammad still yoiung at his event and he not yet have many experience at faced threat for state.  Mongols Army attack Syria and kidnapped many Muslims and also Non Muslims who life under Mameluke s goverment.  Mongols Army consist from Mongols Warriors and also Army from Armenia and Georgia and according Philip.K.Hitti, achieved 100.000 army.  Ghazan and his army destroy many city at North Syria. An-Nashir Muhammad Ibn Qalawun, feel fear to Mongols Army and he retreat his army from Damascus, Syria that became Mongols target. And, Islamic Scholar Ibn Taimiyya, motivated An-Nashir Muhammad to strong at faced situation.  At 702 H, Mameluke Army under An-Nashir Muhammad and symbolic Abbasid Caliphate who under Mameluke Dynasty, Abu Rabi Sulaiman faced Mongols Army under their king, Ghazan, at Battle Of Syaqhab.  Historian Ibn Kathir, illustrated , battle run fiercely and Mongols Army defeated. Many Mongols Amy die and many from them run from battle.  According Historian Ibn Kathir, they run to Mountain Of Tulul. Ibn Kathir record, at 703 H, Mahmud Ghazan die and Mameluke Dynasty secure from Mongols Empire at Persia s threat.

After defend Syria from Mongols attack, An-Nashir attack several group that became threatment for Mameluke Dynasty, such as Sect Of Druze and Maronite Christian at Lebanon. At 1302 AD, An-Nashir destroy threatment from Armenian Nations.

When ruled as Mameluke Sultan,  An Nashir many doing forward for culture. He many build beautiful building. He build 30 mosques and many schools.  At 1318 AD, he build his private mosque at defense complect and he build National Library Of Cairo.

Moroccan Traveler, Ibn Bathuta, who visit Egypt at 1326 AD at his memoar , Rihla Ibn Bathuta, write City Of Alexandria, Egypt, is most beautiful port-city at his age,  He also visit Cairo, Mameluke Dynasty s capital. Ibn Bathuta describe Cairo is luxury city with many luxury buildings. According Ibn Bathuta, City Of Jerusalem, Palestine,  became one beautiful city under Mameluke Dynasty. Mosque Of Aqsa s Complect, according Ibn Bathuta is artistic building at Palestine at this age.  City Of Sidon, Lebanon, at his age, is one rich city at Levant, at era of An-Nashir Muhammad.  Ibn Bathuta also record Sultan An Nashir Muhammad has Assasin Elite Army for kill his political enemy, that mentioned Fedayeen, and they originated from Shia Ismailis Sect, maybe they are remnant from Assasin Group who recruited by Mameluke Dynasty as elite army.

For Assasin Sect, you can read this article:
Assasin: Mysterious Murder Sect At Islamic History. - ACITYA HISTORY.

Damascus, at era of An-Nashir Muhammad s goverment, is most beautiful city at Syria, such as illustrated by Ibn Bathuta.  An-Nashir Muhammad also  prosper his people with held good trade relation with European States and control tax and prize. But, he die at 1340 AD, and his successors are incompetent sultan, until at 1390 AD, Bahri Dynasty from Mameluke ended and replaced by Burji Dynasty, that also originated from Mameluke. For Mameluke Dynasty, you can read at this article:
Mameluke Dynasty s Fact That Important For You Know - ACITYA HISTORY

Why Mameluke Dynasty Collapse? History Analyzing - ACITYA HISTORY

Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Penerbit Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.

Batutah, Ibnu: Rihlah Ibnu Batutah: Catatan Perjalanan Sang Musafir Abad Pertengahan, Penerbit Alvabet, 2023 M.