Ottoman Empire Education: Topic That Infrequently Discussed.
If discuss Ottoman Empire, people usually
discuss about Ottoman Empire Military and political power. But, at this
article, we will discuss about education at Ottoman Empire. How Ottoman Empire
held education at their state? Ok, lets read this article until end and
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Lets start it. Ottoman have several
education institution. According
Historian Mehmet Maksudoglu, Ottoman first Medrese ( Turkish: Islamic
School) build by second Sultan Of Ottoman, Orhan Gazi. Orhan also build Medrese
at Bursa, at 1335 AD. His son., Sultan Murad I also build Medrese at
Bursa, named Cekirge. Sultan Mehmed Celebi ( Mehmed I) also build new Medrese
with first Muderris (
teacher) is Muhammad Shah who still 18 years old. It is show, Ottoman s
youngers have high quality at this time.
Sultan Murad II, father of Sultan Mehmed
II ( Muhammad Al-Fatih) who ruled 1421-1451 AD,
build Darul Hadits , a institution for Hadith s education. Hadith is one Islamic
Study that discuss about Rasulullah Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s word and
statement. Ottoman Sultan s, like Sultan Mehmed II, Salim II, or Sulaiman I
diligent build education institution for educate their people.
Ottoman Empire used Arabic Language at education. Though they Turkish
and of course Arabic dont their mother tongue, they use it at education, for
education in Islamic Study, law, and sociology. Students and teachers received
allowance from Medrese.
Ottoman Empire also build school for
slaves at this age, named Ibrhim Pasha Sarayi. Slaves that educated at
this school, became prime minister and state officers. And, also, they have
other education institute, Enderun for Mualaf ( Non Muslim who
convert to Islam). Ottoman Empire also have special school for Quran education,
Darul Qura, Darul Qura, is Quran School that press Quran Teacher.
Student from Darul Qura, will go to village at holiday for teach their
knowledge about Quran.
At Darul Hadits, students will
studied about two prime Islamic Book about Hadith: Shahih Bukhari and Shahih
Muslim. According researcher Sulaiman Saat, Ottoman Dynasty less watch
science and technology education, they defeated by western world at knowledge
at modern age.
At era of Sultan Mahmud II ( ruled
1808-1922 AD), Modern Education started entry to Ottoman s education s
institution. Sultan Mahmud II build new Medrese
for modern education such as Mekteb I Maarif and Mekteb
I Ulum u adabiye . At this new Medrese, student educated by modern curriculums, they get lessons about
history, geography, and French Language. Sultan Mahmud II also build other
school for medicine and candidate of doctors.
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Refrences:
Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold
History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan
Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Saat, Sulaiman: Pendidikan Islam di
Kerajaan Turki Usmani, Hunafa, Jurnal Studia Islamika, Vol.8, No.1, Juni,
2011 M.
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