Battle Of Ayn Jalut: Mongol Defeat At Month Of Ramadhan.

Source: Tareekh Islam.

Month Of Ramadhan save many victory for Muslims. One of them The Battle Of Ain Jalut, The Battle Of Ain Jalut is legendary battle that broke at 1260 AD beetwen Muslim Force and Mongols Empire.  This is decisive battle that determine world history at the present, and one again, the battle broke at Palestine, boundaries beetwen Palestine and Egypt. Lets we discuss about this decisive battle, but, before next your search, please subscribe my blog first for more information about Islamic History.

About Mongols convertion to Islam, have we discuss at two article bellow, check two article bellows for know, How Mongol entered to Islam?

How Mongol Received Islam? Part 1: North Mongol Empire. - ACITYA HISTORY

How Mongols Received Islam?Part 2: Mongol Dynasty Of Persia. - ACITYA HISTORY

At 1253 AD, Hulagu, grandson Of Genghis Khan, lead giant army to destroy Caliphate Of Abbasid and Sects Of Assasin. Hulagu ask helped from Caliph Mustashim for destroy Sects Of Assasin. But Caliph Mustashim rejected it. At 1256 AD, Hulagu destroy Assasin s basic at Alamut, Iran, at 1258 AD, Hulagu moved to Bagdad for destroy Abbasid Caliphate. According Imam Dhahabi, Mongols Army numbered 100.000 warriors, with his cunning, Hulagu occupied Bagdad, he pretend invite Caliph Mustashim to party mariage, he married his daughter with caliph s son, and Hulagu with his army attack the caliph and his group until die, Hulagu and his army entered Bagdad and slaughtered 800.000 victims, according Imam Dhahabi, but according Hulagu s letter for King Of France, he only slaughter 200.000 victims, but clearly, City Of Baghdad burned into fire, at 13 th century, Egypt still under ruler from Saladin s family, but at 1253 AD, damage spread at this dynasty. At 658 H, Hulagu next his expedition to Syria, and he entered Damascus, Mongols Army conquer Fortress Of Damascus with fire mangonel. Hulagu occupied Damascus and he appoint Ibil Siyan, an  Mongols Commander to lead Damascus, Ibil Siyan favors to Christian Civilian, at Damascus, Christian Civilian disturb Muslims and forced Muslims give respect to cross.

At Egypt, Mamelukes Dynasty take a power, with his first king, Izz Addin Aybak, Aybak killed at 655 H and he replaced by his wife, Shajarat Ad-Dur, Shajarat Ad-Dur killed and replaced by his son, Malik Al-Manshur.

At 658 H, Quthuz, Aybak s slave, take the throne of Egypt, Mongols Army entered Gaza and they want occupied Egypt. Mongols Commander, Kitbugha occupied Palestine and at 25 Ramadhan 658 H, Quthuz and Mamelukes Army that helped by people of Egypt faced Mongols Army at Ayn Jalut, Palestine. Before the battle, Hulagu send threat letter  to Quthuz, but Quthuz kill Mongols Delegation that bring the letter.

Before the battle, Quthuz want collect money from his people to funds of war, he ask fatwa from Shaykh Izz Addin Ibn Abd Salam, Shayikh Izz Addin advice him to collect funds from Mameluke princes, until princes are have horse and weapon, after this, he may collect fund from people, Shaykh s advice executed by Quthuz and Muslims Army collect under commander of Quthuz and his assistant, Baybars.

At 1260 AD, battle broke at Ayn Jalut, Mamelukes Army used fire weapon for faced Mongols Cavalry. According Imam Ibn Kathir, Mongols Army led by Katbagha/ Kitbugha and numbered 10.000 warriors, Kitbugha die and Mongols Army run to Aleppo, Syria, Baybars chased them and Quthuz occupied Syria from Mongols Empire.  According Historian David W Tschanz, Quthuz use strategy hit and run for defeat Mongols Army. Mameluke Army attack Mongols Army and run , Mongols Army chased them, and Quthuz moved his army around wing of enemy , until Mongols Army defeated.

From this history, we can take a lessons, should Muslim Leader near with Islamic Scholars, Muslim Leader should assist by Muslim Scholars that reminded him when he make a mistake, and great leader, he is leader who can received advice from his subordinate for together progress. So, dont ignore advice, though came from people that under us, because advice from everyone, can be factor of progress.

Refrences:
Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2018 M.

At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.

Al-Asyqar, DR.Sulaiman: Siyar Alam An-Nubala, Mutiara Kisah Pilihan Orang Orang Cemerlang Dalam Sejarah Islam, Penerbit Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, 2017 M.

Tim Riset Dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Penerbit Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Hamas, Edgar dan Isa, Sayf Muhammad: Lost Islamic Victory: Menyingkap Sebab Kalah Mengulangi Kemenangan Bersejarah, Penerbit Gensa Berilmu, 2023 M.