How Mongol Received Islam? Part 1: North Mongol Empire.

Source: Factinate.

Today, i will discuss, how Mongol received Islam as their religion? If Mongols was convert to Islam, why appear Muslims Mongol who became cruel conqueror , such as Tamerlane. Why Mongols Empire at China doesnt received Islam and Mongol at Persia and East Europe?Lets discuss it. Before this, please subscribe my blog for get more information about Islamic Empire.

According the notes of Ibn Khaldun, after death of Genghis Khan, founder of Mongol Empire, split his kingdom to his sons.His son, Chagatai lead Turkistan, Kashgar, Sagun, Shaash, Farghana, and all territories at Transoxiane. Tolui lead Khorasan, Iraq, to Persian, Tolui s son is Kubilai and Hulagu. Jochi Khan became leader of Kipchak ( now East Europe)

At 1240 AD, Mongols invaded Russia and they fired City Of Kief, at 1241 AD, Mongols defeat Polands and Crusaders coalition at Battle Of Liegnitz. Crusader in there is Knight Of Templar, Templar Commander send letter to King Louis IX, 500 Templar Knights die and 40.000 other troops from Polands coalition die.

In this episode, we will discuss about North Mongol Empire. Articles maybe published with several episodes, because this matery is very long and not enough one article to discuss this matery.

At South Russia, Mongol Dynasty received Islam and they open the relation with Egypt Sultanate. This is Mongols Dynasty who ruled East European and West Siberian. They mentioned by North Mongol Empire ( Kipchak Empire). Jochi married Muslim Woman named Risalah Binti Khawarizmi Shah. From his wife, he has several child such as Batu Khan and Berke Khan.  Risalah educated her sons with Islamic Method, but one of his son, Batu Khan doesnt be a Muslim. Though, he is very love Muslims. Batu Khan become a king replaced his father, but the higghest Mongol Emperor ( Great Khan), Guyuk Khan who is devout Christian, hated Batu Khan because Batu Khan s tolerance to Muslims. Guyuk Khan prepared his army to attack North Mongol Empire, he die before attack North Mongol Empire. Batu and Berke united and supported Mongke Khan to became Great Khan.

Mongke Khan, that succeded achieve Great Khan s throne, prepared army for invaded Bagdad, Capital Of Abbasid Caliphate, his army lead by his brother, Hulagu Khan. Batu Khan send his brother, Berke to faced Hulagu and please him annul his plan attack Abbasid Caliphate. Hulagu fullfill  Batu s request, but after Batu s die, he run his plan to attack Baghdad.

At 640 H, Batu die and replaced by his son, Shartuq, but , Shartuq die before ruled at the long time, Shartuq s sons still child, Berke replaced Shartuq s position and at 650 H, he entered Islam after meet with Islamic Scholar at Bukhara. The scholar named  Shaykh Najm a ddin Mukhtar Zahidi, an Fiqh specialist from Madzhab Hanafi. Berke studied Islam from Shaykh  Najm Ad din .

According Historian Edgar Hamas, Berke s territories estimated stretches from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Russia, Georgia, Rumania, Moldova, Belarusia, and Polish.

Berke open relationship with Sultan Of Egypt, Zahir Baybars from Mamluk Dynasty. He also attack Hulagu s army for many times, at 660 H, Berke defeat Hulagu s army. Battle beetwen Hulagu and Berke one of another winned by one of  sides.

After Mongke s death, the position of Great Khan became cup of rivality beetwen two Mongke s brother, Kubilai and Ariq Boke. Berke support Ariq Boke with his troops to prevent Kubilai occupied the position of Great Khan. Kubilai and Ariq Boke fighted at fierce war, Hulagu who at thi time tried invaded Syria, back to Capital Of Mongol Karakorum and crowning Kubilai as Great Khan. While Hulagu busy at the capital, Berke preach to Hulagu s army at Syria and motivated them join with Egypt Army. Many Mongols Army obey Berke s advice.

At 663 H, Hulagu die and replaced by his son, Abaqa. Berke die at battle againts Abaqa, at 665 H, while he lead his troops to attack Abaqa.

After die of Berke, he replaced by his nephew, Mongke Temur who attack Byzantine Empire, because Byzantine Empire became ally of Hulagu.  After Mongke Temur,  North Mongol Empire Goverment held by several leaders, but the situation is chaos, new leaders doesnt competent for lead like Berke. Last leader is Muhammad Berdi Beg , who die at 762 H, at after 762 H, North Mongol Empire split beetwen Mongols Nobleman.

-Continued-

Refrences:

Tim Riset Dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Penerbit Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Khaldun, Ibnu: Rihlah Ibnu Khaldun, Penerbit Alvabet, 2023 M.

Hamas, Edgar dan Isa, Sayf Muhammad: Lost Islamic Victory, Penerbit Gensa Berilmu, 2023 M.