Umayyad Dynasty Is Intolerant State? It Is This Answer.

 

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Today, we will discuss about one topic that often discussed when discuss about Umayyad Dynasty. Is Umayyad Dynasty intolerant state? And how Umayyad Dynasty doing his policy? It is special topic at Umayyad Dynasty discussion. Ok, please read this article until end and subcribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. And, lets discuss it.

Umayyad Dynasty, when still ruled from Capital Of Damascus ( first period) recorded many doing intolerance case. As example,  at 713 AD, when Umayyad General, Qutayba Ibn Muslim, occupied City Of Samarqand, Uzbekistan, after conflict againt Kingdom Of Soghdia, Qutayba Ibn Muslim destroy Soghdian Temple and burn Buddha Statue.  At Umayyad Military Expedition 710-711 AD to Sindh ( Pakistan), intolerance also happened. Abbasid Historian, Al-Baladhuri, recorded, at this time, Umayyad Army under Muhammad Ibn Qasim, kill many guardians from Hindus Worship Place at Sindh.

Muslim Historian, Baladhuri, tell when Umayyad Caliph, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan ruled, he will  change Curch Of John at Damascus to mosque, but Christians People at Damascus rejected him. And, when Umayyad lead by Caliph  Abdul Malik, he will change this curch to mosque and he pay several money to Christians People at Damascus. But, Christians People at Damascus rejected this plan. And, his successor, Caliph Al-Walid Ibn Abdul Malik, according Historian Baladhuri, forced Christian People to submit this curch and threat Christian Peoples that he will destroy this curch if they dont submit it to him. Historian Baladhuri illustrated that Caliph Al-Walid Ibn Abdul Malik bring several workers to Curch Of John and he destroy Curch Wall with ganco. Umayyad s Workers destroy this curch and change it to mosque, according Baladhuri, expand Mosque Of Damascus at land that destroyed from Curch Of John. And, when Caliph Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz, best caliph from Umayyad Dynasty ruled, he back this curch to Christian Peoples.

For know about biography from Caliph Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz, you can read this article:
Caliph Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz: Best Caliph From Umayyad Dynasty. - ACITYA HISTORY

But, Umayyad Dynasty s intolerance became one factor from rebellion that moved by Abbasid Groups.  According Historian Philip.K. Hitti, discrimination that received by Persian Etnics under Umayyad Dynasty, became one important factor from rebellion at 747 AD, that moved by Abbasid Groups and his coalition, that many from them originated from Territory Of Persia, included Khorasan.  It is make one Umayyad Prince, Abdurrahman Ad-Dakhil, escaped to Spain and establish New Umayyad Dynasty at Spain. From biography from this figure, you can read at this article:
Abdurrahman Ad-Dhakil: Umayyad Founder At Spain. - ACITYA HISTORY

When lead Umayyad Dynasty at Spain, until his die at 790 AD, Abdurrahman Ad-Dhakil tried to change Umayyad Dynasty Concept. He tried to make one national unity that embrace all ethnic groups at Spain, included Arabians, Visigoths, Syrians, Numidians, Spanish-Arab Descedants and other without discrimination. Umayyad Dynasty, when ruled at Spain, change his intolerant policies to inclusive policies.  According Historian Tamim Ansary, when Umayyad Dynasty lead Spain, Muslims became majority, but Christians and Jews have rights to make their comunity under Muslim Goverment. They also free run their tradition. Jews and Christians have their courts according their law and also have religion leaders. Umayyad Caliph, Abdurrahman III An-Nashir, make a Jews Doctor as palace doctor, Hisdai Ibn Shaprut.

And, important to know, Umayyad Dynasty at his early time, doing intolerant practic at his goverment. But, after their goverment ruin at Damascus and they found new goverment at Spain, they studied from their mistakes and make more tolerant goverment. Not  disgraceful if a people/group doing mistakes at past. But, disgraceful if they dont want repair this mistake.

Refrences:

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Syaikh Al-Baladzuri: Futuhul Buldan: Penaklukkan Negeri-negeri dari Fathu Makkah Sampai Negeri Sind, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2015 M.

Kennedy, Hugh: Penaklukkan Muslim Yang Mengubah Dunia, Penerbit Alvabet, 2019 M.

Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad: Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2016 M.