Abdurrahman Ad-Dhakil: Umayyad Founder At Spain.

 

Source: Kompas.

Today, we will discuss about Umayyad Dynasty at Spain s founder, Abdurrahman Ad-Dhakil, he is first leader for Umayyad Caliphate at Spain. Abdurrahman Ad-Dhakil , is leader who re united Umayyad Power at Spain and he popular as his policies, make Spain as Umayyad s Center after Umayyad Dynasty ruin because destroyed by Abbasid Dynasty.  At this article, we will discuss how Umayyad Dynasty ruin and Abdurrahman Ad-Dhakil, build new Umayyad Goverment at Spain.

At 750 AD, Abbasid Dynasty destroy Umayyad Dynasty and massacred many Umayyad Royal Families. This event started at 747 AD, at this year, happened alliance beetwen several groups such as Shia, several groups  at Khorasan and Group Of Abbasid for ousted Umayyad Dynasty. This rebellion, broke because Umayyad Caliph s behavior who priorited glamour lifestyle at last ages from Umayyad Dynaty. And, this rebellion supported by Persians at Umayyad Dynasty Territories, because Umayyad Dynasty, threat them as slaves.

Rebellion, lead by Abu Al-Abbas, grandson from Al-Abbas, uncle from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam and his commander, Abu Muslim. At 750 AD, Abbasid Army defeat Umayyad Army at Battle Of Zab, near River Of Zab and Abbasid Army can annexed Syria, included Damascus, Umayyad Capital City.  Last Umayyad Caliph, Marwan II ( ruled 744-750 AD), killed at this event.

At 750 AD, one Umayyad Prince, Abdurrahman Ibn Muawiya Ibn Hisham, escaped from Abbasid Army who tried genocyde all Umayyad Royal Families.  At 755 AD, Abdurrahman can achieved City Of Ceuta, Morocco. From Ceuta, Abdurrahman make a plan for across to Spain that still under Umayyad Dynasty and not yet annexed by Abbasid Dynasty. Spain, ruled by one Umayyad Governor, Yusuf Al-Fihri. Yusuf, is weak governor and Abdurrahman and his slave, Badr, tried to entered Spain for captured goverment. Many Arabian Imigrants at Spain, included Palestinian, Syirian, and Yordanian Umayyad Warriors, support Abdurrahman for ousted Yusuf Al-Fihri.

At 756 AD, Abdurrahman and his supporters figh againt Yusuf and his group at River Of Guadelete, Spain and Abdurrahman can defeat Yusuf and entered Spain s Province s Capital, Cordova and became Umayyad Caliph at Spain. This battle, named by Battle Of Al-Mosara.  Sulayman Ibn Yaqzhan Al-Kalbi, Mayor Of Barcelona, Spain, want drive out Abdurrahman from Spain.  At 777 AD, Sulayman Ibn Yaqzhan, who is son in law from Yusuf Al-Fihri, make alliance with King Of Frank, Charlemagne for attack Umayyad Dynasty.  At 778 AD, Frankish Army moved under Charlemagne  to  Northerast Spain for attack Umayyad Dynasty. But, at Mounth Of Pyrenees, they attacked by Tribes Of Basque that supported by Abdurrahman s army.  Abdurrahman, being his goverment age, also faced several rebellion, such as several rebellion  that provocated by Abbasid Dynasty Intelligents and rebellion from Islamic Cleric at Seville, Spain, Abu Saba Al-Yasubi, that can he handle.

Historian Ibn Kathir, mentioned Umayyad Dynasty at Spain, under Abdurrahman Al-Fihri with Sanatul Khasb ( Arabic: year of fertility). At his goverment, Abdurrahman tried repair apartheid political that practeced by several Umayyad Caliphs before him and tried to  make nation state with Spain s situation that have heterogent peoples from Arabians, Syirans, Berberians, Spain-Arabs descedants, and Goths. At 788 AD, Abdurrahman also build Grand Mosque Of Cordova. And, according Historian Philip.K.Hitti, when lead Umayyad Dynasty, Abdurrahman tried to make cities that under his goverment beautiful. Abdurrahman titled by Ad-Dhakil ( new immigrant), because he went to Spain for found new goverment, Abdurrahman die at 790 AD, after build new Umayyad Dynasty at Spain , that became origin from Islamic Forward at Europe.

Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Purnama, A. (2024). Kolaborasi Dinasti Islam Abbasiyah dengan Kerajaan Katolik Franka pada Abad ke-8 M. Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah, 8(1), 54-69.