Berke Khan: First Mongol Emperor Who Convert to Islam.
Today, we will discuss about Berke Khan,
first Mongol Rulers who convert to Islam. How he convert to Islam and what his
role at Mameluke Dynasty?Ok, please read this article untul end and subcribe my
blog for more information about Islamic History. Easy verb for yoy but have big
role at help our charity educated people about Islamic History and
civilization. Ok, happy reading.
Berke Khan, is Mongols Emperor who ruled from 1256-1267 AD. Berke is grandson
from Genghis Khan, Founder Of Mongols Empire . His father, Jochi is Genghis
Khan crownprince who die before became king. Jochi Khan married Muslim Woman,
Risalah, daughter from King Of Khwarezmian and from this marriage, they get two
child, Batu Khan and Berke Khan.
Batu Khan, get territories herritages from
Genghis Khan, taht included West Siberia and East Europe and he build state
Khanate Of Golden Horde. Batu Khan, so tolerant with Muslims who stay at his
territories, though he doesnt entered Islam Religion. Batu Khan held diplomatic
interaction with Caliph Of Abbasid , Al-Mustashim. After his die, Genghis Khan
split Mongols Empire Territories to his sons. Batu Khan get East Europe
Territories, included Russia and Bulgar, and Kingdom Of Khwarezmian, and it is
place for Batu founded Khanate Of Golden Horde. Tolui, get Khorasan, Iran,
Anatolia, and a part from Arabic States. Ogedei get Mongolia and China
territories, and also East Turkistan, that mentioned by Great Khan.
Batu s uncle, Ogedei became Great Khan who
ruled at main territories Mongolia and China and has rights to managed all Khanate at Mongols
Empire. At 644 H, Ogedei Khan die and replaced
by his son, Guyuk Khan who is Christian and hate Islam. At 646 H, Guyuk tried to attack Khanate Of
Golden Horde. But, he die after this expedition. Batu and his brother, Berke
tried to captured Great Khan position from Ogedei s dynasty and they can make
Mongke, son of Tolui Khan to Great Khan s position. Batu Khan die at 640 H and
his son, Shartuq replaced his position. But, Shartuq still a child until Berke
captured goverment from him.
Exist 2 versions about how Berke convert
to Islam. According Ustad Edgar, Muslim Historian at West Java, Berke was
studied Islam since child because get
Islamic Teaching from his mother , Risalah, and likely, was convert to Islam
and at his adulthood, deepen Islamic
Teaching to Shaykh Najm Addin Mukhtar
Az-Zahidi, Spiritual Teacher from Khwarezmia. But, according Islamic Studies
and Research Team Of Egypt, Berke convert to Islam at Bukhara, Uzbekistan, after discussion with
Shaykh Najm Addin Mukhtar Az-Zahidi.
Berke Khan build mosque at City Of Sarai, Capital from Khanate Of Golden Horde.
And, he make oath of alligiance to Abbasid Caliphate.
At 1258 AD, Mongols Commander, Hulagu, who
is Mongke brother, attack Abbasid Caliphate and destroy City Of Bagdad, Capital
from Abbasid Caliphate. According Muslim Historian, Ibn Kathir, Mongols Army
was kill 8000.000 Residents at Bagdad after captured this city. Berke Khan, held alliance with Baybars,
Mameluke Sultan who ruled Egypt, Syria, and Palestine for attack Hulagu s
power. Battle broke several time beetwen
Khanate Of Golden Horde and Khanate Of Ilkhanat, Hulagu s dynasty. Berke can
defeat Hulagu for many times. Berke Khan also preach Islam to Hulagu Garrisons
at Syira and motivated them to join with Mameluke Dynasty. Many from Hulagu
Garrisons at Syrian join Mameluke Army. According Ibn Kathir, at 661 H, broke
battle beetwen Hulagu and Berke and
according Ibn Kathir, many Hulagu s warriors die at this battle and Hulagu back
with little army. Berke also fight againt son of Hulagu, Abaqa , and Abaqa can
defeat him and Berke s commander, Nogai, has serious injured at this event.
Berke tried to lead his army to attack Abaqa, but he die at 665 H, before attack
Abaqa, he die and he replaced by Mongke
Temur, grandson from Batu Khan.
Refrences:
Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi
Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa
an-Nihayah , Penerbit Insan Kamil Solo, 2020 M.
Hamas, E: Lost Islamic Victory:
Menyingkap Sebab Kalah Mengulangi Kemenangan Bersejarah, Penerbit Gensa
Berilmu, 2023 M.
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