Al-Izz Ibn Abd Salam: The Sultan From Scholars.

 

Source: Freepik.Com.

Today, we will discuss about Al-Izz Ibn Ab Salam, Islamic Scholar who became Mameluke Dynasty adviser and has big role at Battle Of Ayn Jalut. His role at Battle Of Ayn Jalut, many forgotten and today, we will discuss about his role as Mameluke Dynasty s adviser until Mameluke Army can win the battle. Ok, lets search this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History.

According Palestinian Historian, Shaykh Jihad Turbani, Izz Ibn Abd Salam has unique title “The sultan from scholars”. Izz Ibn Abd Salam, originated from North Africa.  Family from Shaykh Izz Addin Ibn Abd Salam originated from North Africa, but he born at Damascus, Syria, at 577 H. Izz Addin, originated from pour family. At his childhood, he cannot studied Islam. He studied Islam when he was old.

But, Shaykh Izz Addin still keep his spirit at studied. He studied to several scholars, and he can became Imam ( prayer leader) at Umayyad Grand Mosque Of Damascus. 

When he became Imam at Grand Mosque Of Damascus, Governor Of Damascus, Salih Ismail, submit two fortress at Palestine: Safed and Thaqif to Crusaders and held alliance with them, when Muslim fight againt Crusaders. According Historian Philip.K.Hitti, at 1229 AD, Ayyubid Dynasty weakened  because game of throne and Crusader, can captured several cities at Palestine and Lebanon.  Such as Beirut, Shafed, Tiberias, Ascalon and Jerusalem.  Though, Salih permit Crusader came to Damascus for buy weapon.

Al-Izz Ibn Abd Salam, criticize  Salih s policies. He make lecture that criticize Salih s policies make alliance with Crusader when Crusader and Muslims fighting at war. Governor Of Damascus, Salih Ismail angry and he  imprisoned Al-Izz Ibn Abd Salam.

One night, Salih Ismail talk with several Crusaders. He said he was imprisoned Al-Izz for them.  One Crusader said: “  if he ( Al-Izz) is our bishop, we will wash his feets and drink water that out from his feets” .  

Shaykh Al-Izz moved to Egypt and at Egypt, Ayyubid Sultan, As-Salih Najm Addin Ayoub  make him as Imam at  Great Mosque Of Amr Ibn Ash, Cairo, Egypt. But, Al-Izz reject this and he dont want became state officer.

One day, when one Islamic Celebration, at Cairo, Egypt, a cafe sell liquor, that forbidden according Islamic Sharia. Al-Izz meet with As-Salih at fortress when at this time, As Salih Najm Addin wear lux clothes and his army marches.  Al-Izz criticize Sultan As-Salih  with his advise: O ,Ayoub, what do you said at front of Allah when Allah said to you: “ I was place you at Kingdom Of Egypt, but you legalize liquor! Sultan  As-Salih Najm Addin Ayoub close this cafe after hear Al-Izz s advise. 

After this, Al-Izz back to his students and one his student answer him: “Oo, Sayyidi ( Arabic: my lord), are you dont fear ? ( advise sultan). Al-Izz said: “For Allah, my son, every i imaginated Allah s power, sultan at my eyes, like a cat”.

At 658 H, Egypt that at this time, became center of Mameluke Dynasty that replaced Ayyubid Dynasty threatened by Mongols Invasion under Hulagu Khan. Egyptians make  meeting for discuss it., that this meeting lead by Shaykh Izz Addin and Egypt Judge, Badr Addin As-Sinjawi.  And, one Egyptian has idea that Mameluke Goverment take tax  from people for war cost. Al-Izz rejected it and he has idea, that cost of war, taken from warriors assets.  Shaykh Izz command to Mameluke Sultan, Sayf Addin Quthuz to take cost from Mameluke Prince s assets.  Sultan Quthuz obey Shaykh Izz s advise. Cost can collected, more from enough and Shaykh Izz also motivated people at Egypt for fight protect their land. At 3 September 1260 AD, Mameluke Army under Quthuz and his general, Baybars can destroy Mongols Army at Ayn Jalut and Mongols Army cannot invaded Egypt. According Muslim Classic Historian , Ibn Kathir, Kitbugha /Katbagha , Mongols Commander, killed at this battle and Mongols Army destroyed. For know about Battle Of Ayn Jalut, you can open this article:

Battle Of Ayn Jalut: Mongol Defeat At Month Of Ramadhan. - ACITYA HISTORY

Shaykh Izz Addin, die at 660 H, at age of 83 year old. Egyptians cried at his die, because lost a biggest scholar at Egypt. May Allah Subhanahuwataala  bless him.

Refrences:

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2018 M.

At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.

Tim Riset Dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Penerbit Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Sunnatulloh: Syekh Izzudin Abdussalam: Rajanya Para Ulama yang Belajar di Usia Tua | Bincang Syariah, accesed 24  November 2024, 10: 12 PM.