What Happened At Uthman s Murdered? Straighten History.

 

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Uthman Ibn Affan, third caliph from Rashidun Caliphate, murdered by rebels and real story from his murdered, became mystery at Islamic History. It is true Uthman Ibn Affan murdered happened because Uthman do nepotism when he became third caliph from Rashidun Caliphate? Today, we will discuss about what happened behind Uthman s murdered and how this event became one mystery at Islamic History. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History.

At 656 AD, Uthman Ibn Affan,  third caliph from Rashidun Caliphate killed by rebels group. According Afghan Historian, Tamim Ansary, Uthman Ibn Affan s murdered happened because Uthman s policies that priority his family to became officer.  Tamim Ansary, give example that Uthman appointed his cousin, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan to became Governor Of Levant ( Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria)and Egypt. Many people at Rashidun Caliphate protest to Uthman and according Tamim , this protest happened because Uthman s policies that reject punished his cousin, Marwan, brother Of Muawiya that became Governor Of Egypt. Marwan, oppresed Egyptians, but Uthman reject to punished him. It is became factor of rebellion and this rebellion ended with Uthman s murdered at hand of rebels. 

Now, we will read notes of Classic Muslim Historian, Ibn Kathir. According Historian Ibn Kathir, before Uthman s murdered, was happened several rebellion. At 33 H, Uthman was deportated several civilian from Bashra, Iraq to Syria and Egypt because their provocation to ousted Uthman Ibn Affan.  At 34 H, Peoples at Kufa, Iraq, ask Uthman Ibn Affan to fired Governor Of Kufa, Said Ibn Al Ash and they demonstrate Uthman Ibn Affan because Uthman s policies that fired several shahabas from Rashidun Caliphate Goverment and replaced him with his family. 

According Historian Ibn Kathir after this , Uthman Ibn Affan call Rashidun s Governors to discuss this situation. From them, came  Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan, Governor Of Syria, Amr Ibn Ash, Governor Of Egypt, Abdullah Ibn Saad, Governor Of Morocco, Said Ibn Al Ash, Governor Of Kufa, and Abdullah Ibn Amr, Governor Of Bashra. They gather around Uthman.

Abdullah Ibn Amr said, better, rebels group recruited to Muslims Army to doing Jihad, at this contect, Holy War. Abdullah Ibn Amr s idea, according us, logic, because at Uthman s Caliphate Era, from north boundaries, Tribes Of Khazar and Alan want attack Islamic Territories from North Territories, such as tell by Abbasid Historian Baladhuri at his book, Futuhul Buldan. 

Said Ibn Al-Ash, argue that rebels must executed by die execution. Muawiya argue,governors must  ignore rebels because they only small power. Abdullah Ibn Saad argue rebels must given by assets that can make them stop rebellion. Uthman Ibn Affan choose that they will given by assets and property, and after this, state will give them command for doing Jihad.

But, rebels dont give up. They  fabricate letters  with Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s  shahabas  s names, such as Thalhah Ibn Ubaydilla and Zubayr Ibn Awwam, and also Aisha, wife of Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam,  to attack Medina, Capital Of Rashidun Caliphate and fight againt Uthman Ibn Affan and send this letter to Muslims at Rashidun Caliphate. Many Muslims provocated to rebel againt Uthman and they rebel againt Uthman, until they throw Uthman when Uthman preach at mosque until Uthman fainted. Historian Ibn Kathir, cited popular narration, write that Uthman s house besieged by rebel groups until 40 days.  Rebels entered Uthman s house and they kill Uthman with their weapons . Nayla Binti Farafisha, Uthman s wife tried to protect Uthman with her sword, but Nayla injured. Her fingers cut off. According Ibn Kathir, at this time, Uthman read Koran (Islamic Holy Book). According Ibn Kathir, from narration from Ibn Asakir  who get narration from Ibn Awn that Kinana Ibn Bishr hit Uthman s head and ribs  with  steel pole until Uthman fall and Saudan Ibn Humran hit him until die, next by Amr Al-Hamiq who strabbed Uthman  for 9 times at Uthman s  chest until Uthman die.

How motive behind this murdered? Is Uthman s nepotist and he more priority his family to became officer? According Muslim Historian Ibn Kathir,  this rebellion doing by Sect Of Khawariji, one Islamic Radical Sect and slander that Uthman priority his family to became his officer false. Because many governors that appointed by Uthman originated from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s shahabas and Uthman only fired small governors because request from people, with true factor.  Muslim Classic Historian, Thabari said this rebellion provocated by Ibn Saba, one Jewish who convert to Islam. Ibn Kathir also tell one scene when Ibn Saba follow Rebels Army. But, according Shia Researcher, Rasul Jakfariyan. At this time Ibn Saba is a Jewish who recent convert to islam and of course, doesnt has big influence at Muslim Community. According Our analyze, maybe, Ibn Saba only one member at rebellion and doesnt became provocators, because hard to received that Jewish who recent convert to Islam has big influence at Muslim Community. And, Muslim Community at this time, of course, have Islamic Knowledge highest from Ibn Saba who recent convert to Islam. 

Ibn Kathir, also cited narration from Sayf Ibn Umar when Ibn Saba , a Jewish who pretend to convert to Islam provocated Muslim at Egypt  to join this rebellion and slander Uthman  robs Ali Ibn Abi Thalib s  right to became caliph. But, this narration, maybe hard to received because Muslims at Egypt, at this time, have highest Islamic Knowledge than Ibn Saba. .Add with fact, Egypt at Rashidun Caliphate Era became center of Hadiths (Islamic Oral Teaching from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam ) learning that have many Hadith Teachers , such as Abd Allah Ibn Amr and Uqba Ibn Amr. If Egypt became Hadiths Learning Center, Egyptians at this age have better Islamic Knowledge from Abd Allah Ibn Saba.

Who provocated rebellion until Uthman s die and from where this rebellion started? But, Theopanes, 8 TH Century Byzantine Historian, recorded  at his book, The Chronichles Of Theopanes, that at  654 AD, Arabian Leader, ( his mean Rashidun Caliph) Uthman , killed by Civilians at Ethribos.  Name Of Ethribos , similar with Yastrib, name from City Of Medina before Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam moved to Medina. If we follow narration from Theopanes who life dont far with Uthman s age, maybe provocators from this rebellion that became factor of Uthman s die, originated from Medina and big probability, is Muslim who understand about Islamic Politic, and of course, have big influence at Muslim Community. Seeing Ibn Kathir Narration that motive from this rebellion, colored by political motive, such as Uthman s policies.

Refrences:

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Syaikh Al-Baladzuri: Futuhul Buldan: Penaklukkan Negeri-negeri dari Fathu Makkah Sampai Negeri Sind, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2015 M.

Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad: Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2016 M.

Al-Hafizh Ibnu Katsir: Perjalanan Hidup Empat Khalifah Rasul Yang Agung, Penerbit Darul Haq, 2012 M.

Prof.DR.H.Idhri, dkk: Studi Hadis, UINSA Press, 2021 M.

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Theopanes: The Chronichles Of Theopanes  Confessor: Byzantine And Near Eastern History 284-813 AD, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1997. AD. 

Anonymous: Saint Theophanes the Confessor | Byzantine Iconoclasm, Iconophile, Hesychasm | Britannica, accesed 23 November 2024, 10: 27 AM.

Anonymous: Abdullah bin Saba - wikishia, accesed 23 November 2024, 10: 29 AM.