Ghaznavid And Ghurid Dynasty: Origin Of Muslim Goverment At India.
Today, i will discuss about origin
from Muslims Rulers at India. Who Dynasty that became Origin Of Islamic
Goverment At India, before it, we was discuss about Umayyad Conquest to Sindh/
Pakistan that at this time still part from India. For understanding this
article, recommended for you read previous article about Umayyad Dynasty s
invasion at India:
Muslim
Conquest Of India: History Of Muhammad Ibn Qasim. - ACITYA HISTORY
At era of Umayyad Dynasty, at 713
AD, Umayyad Army success entered India Territories from Sindh to Haiderabad. But, Umayyad
Dynasty not make India as capital. They lead goverment from Capital Of
Damascus, Syria. Because this, Islamic Preaching at India is not maximal at era
of Umayyad Dynasty.
Originally, before Umayyad Dynasty,
Islamic Preach was entered India, but not at big scale. Beetwen 630-631 AD, Propeth Muhammad Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam send messenger to India and King Of Malabar, one Kingdom at
India, convert to Islam. At era of
Umayyad Dynasty, Islam spread at India, but not maximal because this
territories far from Capital Of Damascus.
Beetwen 366-582 H, established
Ghaznavid Dynasty at Ghazna, Afghanistan. Ghaznavid Dynasty established by one
Turkish Slave who became Commander from Samanid Dynasty, named Al-Batkin/ Alp
Tigin. Al-Batkin established Ghazna and make it as center of his goverment
after defeat Manshur Ibn Nuh, Samanid Governor at Khorasan. Al-Batkin s
goverment named by Samanid Dynasty. After die of Al-Batqin, Goverment handled
by his son, Ishaq. After Ishaq, Ghaznavid Dynasty ruled by Subuktgin, that
started expansion to India. And, Ghaznavid Dynasty achieved his golden age
under Subuktigin s son, Mahmud Ibn Subuktigin. Mahmud ruled from 999-1030 AD.
He expand his territories to India and conquer Territories Of Punjab Mahmud also conquest many little kingdom at
India. He conquer Kingdom Of Khyber Pass at 1000 AD and Hindustani at 1001
AD. He also conquer Delhi, Capital Of
Modern India at 1008 AD. According Historian Ahmad Faidi, Goverment Of Mahmud
Ibn Subuktigin is one from success goverment at Islamic History.
At Era Of Ghaznavid Dynasty, born
Urdu Language. Now, Language Of Urdu became one of prime language at India and
Pakistan. According Historian Ahmad Faidi, Language Of Urdu born because language acculturate at India when
Era Of Ghaznavid Goverment. Ghaznavid Sultan at Palace, use Turkish Language
and at office, use Persian Language. Ghaznavid Soldier, when shopping at market,
cannot talk with Indian Natives because they are Turkish and Indian Natives use
Sanskrit Language. Turkish and Persian influence to Indian Languages , became
factor from Born Of Urdu Language. Unfortunately, Mahmud is intolerance leader who
destroy Non Muslim s place of worship at India. Mahmud also
impoverished India with rob Indian s assets. According Historian Ibn Kathir, at 418 H,
Mahmud Ibn Subuktigin destroy biggest Indian Arca, Sumanat and slaughtered
50.000 villagers.
At 598 AD, Ghaznavid Dynasty at
Afghanistan fall and they replaced by Ghurid Dynasty. Ghurid Dynasty, originally
are Mountain Tribes at Afghanistan that serve Ghaznavid Dynasty. Ghurid Leader,
Sultan Muhammad Al-Ghurri, want next expansion at India. Muhammad Al-Ghurri became sultan at 1173 AD. When this age, India experience depravity.
Muhammad expand his territories at India. He entered India , but he defeated by
Indian Coalition . After this , he
entered India with 120.000 warriors and faced 300.000 Indian Coalition Warriors.
Battle broke and Ghurid Army achieve victory. Muhammad Al-Ghurri occupied City
Of Delhi and make it as his goverment center. He coronate his commander,
Quthbuddin Aybak, who is slave former, as Governor Of India. Muhammad Al-Ghurri
studied from mistakes of his elder, Islamic Preach at India not maximal at era
of Ghaznavid Dynasty because Mahmud s atitude who rob Indian Assets and do
intolerant goverment. Muhammad Al-Ghurri not destroy worship place and he treat
Non Muslim with good Treatment. Sultan Muhammad Al-Ghurri also introduced
Islamic Concept that human not split at social strate. Before this, at India,
civilian split into several social strates ( Kasta). Muhammad Al-Ghurri
s atitude make many Indian Natives convert to Islam. At 602 H, Muhammad Al-Ghurri die, he replaced
by his slave, Qutbuddin Aybak who became his Governor at India. Because, he doesnt
has son as his successor. Era Of Qutbuddin Aybak and his descedant popular as
Mameluke Dynasty Era at India ( different with Mameluke Dynasty at Egypt and
Near East).
From this story, we can learn. Not
disgraceful if people studied from his elder s mistakes. Disgraceful, is people
know his elder false, but he not studied from this. Because this, learn history
is one method to studied from people before us.
Refrences:
Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2018
M.
Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi
Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The
Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit
Serambi, 2006 M.
Faidi, Ahmad: Akulturasi Budaya
Islam di India: Tinjauan Historis Terhadap Dialektika Kebudayaan Islam di India,
Warisan: Journal Of History and Cultural Heritage, Vol.1, Issue 2, Agustus,
2020 M.
Majidah, Siti: Muhammad Ghuri:
Peran dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Menyebarkan
Islam Di Wilayah Asia Selatan, tanpa
tahun dan penerbit.
6
alasan utama untuk belajar bahasa Urdu (50languages.com), accesed 2 August
2024, 09: 36 PM.
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