Orhan Gazi: Ottoman Military Pioneer.

 

Source: Orkmes.

Today, we will discuss about Orhan Gazi, Ottoman Sultan who became pioneer from Ottoman Military s established. He establish Ottoman Military as new professional unite at this time and make Ottoman Army became most professional army at the world at this time. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. It is very simple verb for us, but have big contribution for help us flow our blog.

Orhan Gazi , or also mentioned with Ikhtyar Addin Orhan Beg,  born at 1288 AD, is second Ottoman Sultan who ruled from 1324-1360 AD. He is son from Osman Gazi, Founder Of Ottoman Empire.  At his father s goverment, Orhan Gazi was handled important role. At 1308 AD, Mongols Empire at Persia, Ilkhanid Dynasty, prepare army for attack Ottoman Dynasty and make alliance with Byzantine Emperor, Andronicus II. Ilkhanid Dynasty , prepare 30.000 army for battle againt Ottoman Dynasty. Many Governor from Byzantine Empire at Anatolia, support Mongols for attack Ottoman Dynasty, because they and Ottoman Empire fight for territories at Anatolia. Osman command Orhan to lead army for defeat Mongols Army. Battle broke and Mongols Army can defeated by Orhan. 

At 1324 AD, Osman die and Orhan became his successor. Orhan next his father s expedition to captured Territories Of Anatolia from Byzantine Empire. Orhan can captured Bursa at 1326 AD and conquer South Coastal Of Anatolia. Byzantine Empire, at this age, oppresed his people, because this, Orhan can conquer Byzantine Territories at Anatolia with easy. At 1328 AD, Orhan lead Ottoman Army defeat Byzantine Emperor, Andronicus III and his army at Battle Of Pelecanon.  Many Anatolian more received Ottoman Goverment that protect his people, from Byzantine Empire that oppresed his people. At 1331 AD, City Of Iznik at Anatolia submit to Ottoman, and next, Fortress Of Taraqli . Many Christian People at Anatolia more received Ottoman Goverment.

Ibn Batutta, 14 TH Moroccan Traveler who visit Anatolia, recorded about Orhan s goverment. According Ibn Batutta, Orhan lead Ottoman Empire with capital at Bursa and according Ibn Batutta, Orhan at this time is biggest Turkish King at Anatolia . According Ibn Batutta, Orhan build 100 fortress and he has strong military.  Although , Ibn Batutta s record different with argument from Prof.Mehmet Maksudoglu that said Bursa conquered at  Orhan s age. According Ibn Batutta, Bursa conquered at Osman s Gazi age ( Othman Chuk according  pronuncation of Ibn Batutta). Maybe, Ibn Batutta s record more valid than Prof.Mehmet Maksudoglu s argument, because he came to Anatolia at Orhan s Goverment Age and visit Orhan at Bursa. And, of course, it is primary source about Orhan Gazi s Goverment at Ottoman Empire.

According Prof.DR.Mehmet Maksudoglu, Orhan Gazi popular as Ottoman Sultan  who make Ottoman Regular Amy. At Osman Gazi Era, Ottoman Army only cavalry militias that consist from citizens who can fight and ride a horse.  Orhan make regular army. Infantry men named by Yaya and consist from 1000 fighters. Cavalry, named Musellem and 1 Ojak ( Turkish :Unites) consist from 30 Musellem. 

Orhan Gazi, also build Unites Of Janissary, name of Janissary originated from Turkish Phrases Yenicheri ( the mean is New Army). Several prisoner of war  recruited to Infantrymen Unite, Janissary and Cavalry Unite, Sipahi, and they are Ottoman s prime army. Doesnt false if Ibn Batutta said Orhan has strong military at his state. Orhan also became pioneer from Ottoman Expansion to Europe. At 1334 AD, Orhan send his son, Suleiman Pasha  to attack Byzantine Territories at East Europe that near with Anatolia  and Suleiman Pasha can conquer several fortress at East Europe Territories that occupied by Byzantine Empire.  At 1357 AD, Byzantine Army can defeated at  battle againt Ottoman Army and one main Byzantine Territories at East Europe, Gellibolu ( Galipoli), can conquered by Ottoman Army. 

Orhan Gazi die at 1359 or 1360 AD and replaced by his son, Sultan Murad I that became pioneer from Ottoman Expansion to Balkan Peninsula. Orhan burried at Bursa, Turkey,  He was build Ottoman Military from zero to professional army and strengthen Ottoman s Goverment at Anatolia.

Refrences:

Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Batutah, Ibnu: Rihlah Ibnu Batutah: Catatan Perjalanan Sang Musafir Abad Pertengahan, Penerbit Alvabet, 2023 M.

Anonymous: Orhan | Reign, Expansion, Legacy | Britannica, accesed 3 December 2024, 09: 02 AM..