Abu Said: Last Ilkhanid Ruler At Persia.

 

Source: Ma Shops.

Today, we will discuss about Abu Said, Last Mongol Ruler at Persia from Ilkhanid Dynasty. He is last Mongol Ruler from Ilkhanid Dynasty at Persia. And, at his time, Mongol Empire at Persia ( Ilkhanate  Dynasty), split into several states until this state ruin at  last half 14 TH Century and at next time, occupied by Tamerlane. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. 

At 703 H, at Dynasty Of Ilkhanid, new king, Ojleitu , coronated as leader from Ilkhanid Dynasty, after die of his elder, Ghazan. Ojleitu, at begin his life is Christian , but he convert to Islam and replace his name with Muhammad Khodabandeh. Muhammad Khodabandeh is Shia Adherent and he forced his people to follow Shia Sect. He also attack Mameluke Dynasty  that have center at Egypt and North Mongols Empire ( Khanate Of Golden Horde).

At 716 H, Hamidhah Ibn Abi Nama, ask  helped from Abu Said to attack Mecca. Hamidhah Ibn Abi Nama, is Emir Of Mecca that ousted by An-Nashir Muhammad, Mameluke Sultan because his  atrocity and replaced by Abu Al-Ghaits, his brother that appointed by Sultan An-Nashir Muhammad. At 1315 AD, Abu Al-Ghaits killed by Hamidhah and Hamidhah became Emir Of Mecca. Other Hamidhah s brother, Ramithah ask helped to An-Nashir Muhammad to captured Mecca and he can became Emir Of Mecca with support from An-Nashir Muhammad. Hamidhah escaped and came to Iraq, Ilkhanate Dynasty Territories for ask helped from Ojleitu. Ojleitu send 4000 Mongols Cavalry under Dalqandi, Shia Ilkhanid Commander from Mongol Nations. Hamidhah Ibn Abi Nama and Dalqandi went to Mecca to ruled it and preach Shia Ideology. But, one Arabian Chief at Hijaz, Muhammad Ibn Isa faced them with his army and Muhammad Ibn Isa can defeat Dalqandi  and he submit Hijaz, included Mecca and Medina to Mameluke Dynasty. 

Khodabandeh s son, Abu Said, born at 1305 AD, and at 1315 AD, after Dalqandi s expedition to Hijaz, Khodabandeh die and Abu Said became emperor replaced Khodabandeh. Abu Said became king when he is youngman.  Abu Said , is adherent from  Sunni Sect ( Ahlusunnah Wal Jamaah) and he make alliance with other Sunni Kingdom, Mameluke Dynasty for faced Chagatai Dynasty  ( other Mongol Empire at Central Asia) Invasion   to Ilkhanate Dynasty Territories. Abu Said, make Sunni Sect as state s official sect.

Ibn Batutta, Moroccan Traveler who visit Iraq at 14 TH Century, write about Abu Said, , that Abu Said is good and generous king. Ibn Batutta recorded  that Tabriz, Ilkhanate Dynasty Capital under Abu Said s leadership  have best market at Iraq, that mentioned by Bazar Ghazan,  that have many food collections, such as meat, bread,  and rice.  City Of Mosul, Iraq, illustrated Ibn Batutta as wealth and beautiful city with many mosques, hotels, and baths. 

Abu Said also held positive relation with Mameluke Dynasty. He held peace covenant with Mameluke Dynasty. Abu Said and An-Nashir Muhammad, promise dont attack other territories one by one. And, Abu Said also send one Ilkhanate Nobleman, Juban for married An-Nashir s daughter. 

Ibn Kathir, Muslim Historian, preach Abu Said as best king from Mongol Nations. According Ibn Kathir, Abu Said, die at 736 H, and after his die, Ilkhanat Dynasty split into several states. According Islamic Research and Study Team Of Egypt, Ilkahanat Dynasty split because sectarian conflict. Appear new states such as Jalayri and Artuqid Dynasty until at 748 H, Tamerlane can annexed Ilkhanat Dynasty. For know about Tamerlane, you can read this article:

Tamerlane: Last Mongol Emperor - ACITYA HISTORY

Refrences:

Tim Riset Dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Penerbit Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Thaqqus, DR.Muhammad Suhail: Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Dinasti Mamluk di Mesir  dan Syam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2018 M.

Batutah, Ibnu: Rihlah Ibnu Batutah: Catatan Perjalanan Sang Musafir Abad Pertengahan, Penerbit Alvabet, 2023 M.

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2019 M.

Anonymous: ABŪ SAʿĪD BAHĀDOR KHAN – Encyclopaedia Iranica, accesed 22 November , 2024, 09: 51 PM.