Classic Islamic History At Tunisia ( Part 1)
Today, we will discuss about Islamic History at Tunisia, a state at North Africa. We will discuss Classic Islamic History at Tunisia. From Islam entered Tunisia. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe our blog for more information about Islamic History. Simple step for you but have big role to help us flow this blog that flow your perspective about Islamic History.
Islam, entered Tunisia at Era Of Umayyad Dynasty. Islam, entered Tunisia, that ruled by Byzantine Empire, by military expedition that launch by First Umayyad Caliph, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan. At 41 H, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan send his general, Muawiya Ibn Hudaji ( next will mentioned only by Ibn Hudaji for different it with Muawiy Ibn Abi Sufyan) to lead military expedition to Ifriqiyya ( Old Name Of Tunisia).
Ibn Hudaji, went to Ifriqiyya with his army that numbered 10.000 warriors and Byzantine Emperor faced him with 30.000 Army that lead by Patrick Nicheporus.Ibn Hudaji command his cavalry commander, Ibn Az-Zubayr to attack Byzantine Army. Ibn Zubayr achieve Coastal Of Tunisia and make Patrick Nicheporus and his army escaped from battle. Ibn Hudaji also conquer City Of Jalula ( not Jalula at Iran, but Jalula at Tunisia). Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan also send other general to attack Tunisia, Uqba Ibn Nafi Al-Fihri. At 670 AD, Uqba build City Of Kairouan/Qairawan at Tunisia.
Uqba Ibn Nafi, build City Of Kairouan for boundaries-city and Muslims Army camp at battle faced Byzantine Army. Uqba Ibn Nafi, build Mosque Of Kairouan. From City Of Kairouan, Uqba doing Islamic Preach at Tunisia, until many People from Tribes Of Berber ( North African Natives) convert to Islam. Uqba, became Umayyad Governor from Ifriqiyya Territories that was occupied by Umayyad Dynasty. But, at 55 H, Maslama Ibn Mukhallad, Umayyad Governor at Egypt annexed Uqba s territories . He replaced Uqba by his slave, Abul Muhajir. Uqba Ibn Nafi, came to Damascus, Capital Of Umayyad Dynasty and tell it to Umayyad Caliph, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan. At Era Of Yazid Ibn Muawiya, son of Muawiya s reign, Uqba can back to Ifriqiyya.
When Era Of Abul Muhajir s reign, Umayyad Goverment at Ifriqiyya, doing many conquest at North Africa. Abul Muhajir s goverment supported by People Of Berber. Because, many Berber People want join with Umayyad Dynasty, after they feel oppresion that launch by Byzantine Empire. Abul Muhajir, can captured Berber Chief from Tribes Of Awraba, one Berber Tribes branch, Kusaila Ibn Lamram. After defeat Awraba Army that helped by Byzantine Army. Abul Muhajir captured Kusaila and invited Kusaila convert to Islam. After hear Uqba s explain about Islam, that Islam is religion that prioritzing brotherhood beetwen mankinds, Kusaila convert to Islam and also invited his tribes for convert to Islam. Many member from Tribe Of Awraba convert to Islam.
At Era Of Abul Muhajir s Goverment, Arabian from Umayyad Army and Natives from Berber can life at harmony. But, Yazid Ibn Muawiya back Uqba to his position, Governor Of Ifriqiyya and when he came to Ifriqiyya, he captured Abul Muhajir and tie him. Uqba after this, also launch expedition againt Berber and Byzantine. He can conquer City Of Monaster at Ifriqiyya and defeat Byzantine Army. Uqba, also doing fatal errror. He threat Kusaila, Chief Of Awraba with discriminative threatment, until Kusaila angry and he defected to Byzantine Army to attack Uqba. Abul Muhajir tried to advise Uqba for respect to Kusaila, because he is Chief from Awraba that respected by his tribes. But, Uqba disobey it.
Kusaila bring his army that consist from Byzantine and Berber Army and attack Umayyad Army under Uqba at Tahudzah. At this battle, Uqba die and Umayyad Army defeated.
Uqba s position, replaced by Zuhayr Ibn Qais Al-Balawi that defeated Kusaila s army at 69 H, at Battle Of Mamas. At this battle, Kusaila die. Zuhair also killed at battle againt Byzantine Army at Barqa, Libya, againt Byzantine Army that attack Barqa and kidnapped many Muslim Civilians. Conquest Of Ifriqiyya,Next by Zuhair s successor, Hasan Ibn Numan that at 698 AD, drive out Byzantine Army from Carthage, Tunisia and defeat Berber Queen at Aures who also woman wizard, Kahina after Kahina oppresed his people. Hassan defeat Kahina at battle in place that mentioned by Bir Al- Kahinah ( Arabic: Well Of Kahina). Conquest Of Tunisia, finished by next governor, Musa Ibn Nushair. And, from this, all Tunisia became Islamic Territories. Insha Allah, we will next our discussion at next article.
Refrences:
Abdul Lathif, Prof.DR.Muhammad Abdussyafi: Bangkit Dan Runtuhnya Khilafah Bani Umayyah 41-133 H/661-750 M: Kekhalifahan Islam Pertama Setelah Khulafaur Rasyidin, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023.
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
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