Battle Of Varna 1444 AD: When Crusader disparage Little Sultan.

 

Source: Alchetron.

The Battle Of Varna, is Crusader s defeated because they disparage Sultan Mehmed II who became Ottoman Sultan  at young age and this battle, is achievment from Sultan Murad II when Ottoman Campaign againt Kingdom Of Hungary at Balkan and East Europe.  Ok, please read my article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. Easy  verb for you, but  give us profit for flow our blog.

Ottoman Sultan, Murad II, doing military campaign to Europe againt Kingdom Of Hungary and Kingdom Of Serbia.  This expedition, because King Of Hungary, Szigismund, help Muslim Ruler Of Karaman, Ibrahim Beg to attack Ottoman Empire.  At 1434 AD, Szigimund attack Fortress Of Colombo and  Ottoman Army under Sinan Pasha, can defeated King Szigismund at Fortress Of Colombo. Ottoman Army under Mezid Beg can entered Transylvania at 1442 AD, but Crusader Coalition from Kingdom Of Hungary and Kingdom Of Poland, under John Hunyad, defeated Ottoman Army. Sultan Murad II,  and King Of Hungary, Ladislas,  held peace covenant at Szegedin at 1444 AD.

After this, Sultan Murad II fight againt Muslim Ruler at Karaman, Anatolia, Ibrahim Beg. This battle, ended by peace covenant, when Ibrahim Beg, married Sultan Murad II s sister and promise to doesnt attack Ottoman Dynasty. 

At 1444 AD, Sultan Murad II leave Throne Of Ottoman Empire and went to Manisa, Turkey to spend his life at peace. According Turkish Historian, Mehmet Maksudoglu, Murad II, went change Ottoman Dynasty System , that sultan rule until his die. Unfortunately, this system dont next by Ottoman Sultans after Murad II. Murad II submit his throne to Mehmed II, his son, who at future will popular with Muhammad Al-Fatih, Conqueror Of Constantinople.

Mehmed II, at this time, not yet has many experiece , according Islamic Research and Studies Team Of Egypt, Mehmed II, at this time, was 14 years old.  According Prof.DR.Mehmet Maksudoglu,l Mehmed II at this time was 12 years old. Whatever it is, Mehmed II at this time was so young and not yet has many experience. And, this situation used by Crusader Coalition for plan military expedition to Ottoman Empire Territories. 

Cardinal Cesarini, Pope Deputy, ask King Ladislas to attack Ottoman  Empire. This provocation, responsed by King Ladislas. King Ladislas and his general, John Hunyadi, collect Crusader Coalition that consist from Europeans Army from Herzegovina, Bogdan, Wallachia, and Venice. Ibrahim Beg, broke covenant and he attack Anatolia Territories that under Ottoman Supremacy for help Crusader Alliance. Several  ministers at Ottoman Palace ask Sultan Mehmed II to call his father, Sultan Murad II.  Mehmed II call his father.  And, Crusader attack Bulgaria that under Ottoman Dynasty Supremacy.  Sultan Murad II bring Ottoman Army to attack Crusaders Coalition.  At 10 November 1444 AD/28 Rajab 848 H, battle broke at City Of Varna, Bulgaria. At begin of battle, Ottoman Army defeated because John Hunyadi attack left part from Ottoman Army and prime part from Ottoman Army forced retreat. Sultan Murad II survived at battlefield with several warriors. 

John Hunyadi, want  captured Throne Of Hungary. He use strategy kill Ladislas at battle. He ask Ladislas attack Murad II s position. But, one Janissary ( Ottoman Elite Army), named Timurtash attack Ladislas s horse and Ladislas fall from his horse. One Janissary Officer, Hurzir, kill King Ladislas. After King Ladislas killed, Crusaders escaped from the battle  and according Prof.DR.Mehmet Maksudoglu,  many Crusaders killed at this battle.  After this battle, Sultan Murad II re take Ottoman Throne for 2 nd period because request by Mehmed II until his die at 1451 AD and replaced by Mehmed II, who will Conquer Constantinople, Capital Of Byzantine Empire,  and expand Ottoman Territories until all territories at Anatolia . For biography of Mehmed II, you can read this article:

Mehmed II Al-Fatih: Conqueror Of Constantinople. - ACITYA HISTORY

Refrences:

Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.