Al-Muiz: Greatest Caliph From Fathimid Dynasty.

 

Source: Alchetron.

Today, we will discuss about one Fathimid Dynasty s Caliph who called as most popular caliph from Fathimid Dynasty. Al-Muiz, popular as Fathimid Caliph who doing Conquest to Egypt, that became Fathimid Dynasty basic at future, and also pioneer from Al-Azhar University Of Cairo. His role at Fathimid Dynasty History, can mentioned lock role at Fathimid Dynasty s building. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History, easy verb for you but have big role for our charity educated people about Islamic History.

From know Al  Muiz s biography, we must know Origin Of Fathimid Dynasty.  Fathimid Dynasty, established by Ubayd Allah Al Mahdi (ruled 909-934 AD), Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s descedant from his daughter, Fathimah Radhiyallahuanha. Historian Ibnu Khaldun explained, Ubayd Allah also titled by Al Fathimi ( descedant from Fathimah) and he has big influence at North Africa. Ubayd Allah , as Fathimid Dynasty Founder allied with Shia Commander, Abu Abdillah and defeat Dynasty Of Aghlabid at North Africa. Ubayd Allah  founded new kingdom at North Africa with capital at Mahdiyya,  Tunisia and this kingdom named Kingdom Of Fathimid and it is Shia Kingdom at North Africa that established after defeat Kingdom Of Idrisid and Kingdom Of Aghlabid. After Ubayd Allah s die, he replaced by his son, Al Qaim, and Al Qaim, replaced  by his son, Al-Manshur. Al-Manshur , replaced by his son, Al-Muiz ( ruled 953-975 AD)

Al-Muiz, coronated as Fathimid Caliph at 953 AD.  At 958 AD, Al-Muiz fight with Umayyad Dynasty at Spain  under Abd rahman III  who has desire expand North Africa in a confrontation. Al-Muiz attack City Of Tahert, Morocco,  that his leader, Yala Ibn Muhammad being Umayyad Dynasty s allies for attack Fathimid Dynasty.  Yala killed and Umayyad Dynasty cannot annexed North Africa.  At 959 AD, Fathimid Army under Jauhar As-Shiqili attack City Of Fez, Morocco, that his leader allied with Umayyad Dynasty and conquer this city.  Fathimid Army also conquest City Of Sijilmasa, because Sijilmasa s Emir, Shakir Billah, threat Umayyad Dynasty s reign at North Africa.

Al-Muiz also plan expansion to Egypt for attack Ikhsid Dynasty at Egypt.  He send his Greek-Christian General, Jauhar As-Siqili ( Jauhar The Sicilian) for fight againt Ikhsid Dynasty.  At 357 H, Kafur, Ikhsid Dynasty Emir die and situation at Egypt chaos because  drought and several Egyptian Officer write letter to Al-Muiz to conquer Egypt. At 358 H, Jauhar, with 100.000 cavalry entered City Of Alexandria, Egypt without battle and at Fustat, Egypt, broke little confrontation with Ikhsid Army, but they submit because cannot resistance to Jauhar s army. Jauhar make covenant with Egyptians, Egyptians dont forced to became Shia Muslims, they may became Sunni Muslim and get security guarantee from Fathimd Dynasty. Al-Muiz moved Fathimid Dynasty Center to Egypt and build City Of Cairo as Fathimid Dynasty Capital. At 973 AD, Cairo became Fathimid Dynasty Capital, and before it at 972 AD, Jauhar build Mosque Of Al-Azhar at Cairo, that became origin from Al-Azhar University.

At Era Of Al-Muiz, Fathimid Dynaty also faced Byzantine Empire that expand his territories to Islam Territories at Crete Islands.

At 353 H,  Byzantine Empire threat Muslim Territories at Sicily, Italia. According Historian Ibn Kathir, Byzantine Empire send army that  this number approach 100.000 personels that consist of Byzantine and French Army.  Muslim at Sicily ask helped from Al-Muiz. Al-Muiz send Fathimid Navy and battle broke at sea, Byzantine Commander, Manuel, die and many French Army drowned. Muslim Governor at Sicily attack them with Muslim  Sicilian Army and can kill many enemy warriors and Byzantine-French Coalition defeated. Al-Muiz also conquer  Palestine, Yemen, Syria and Hijaz, included Mecca and Medina for Fathimid Dynasty.  Al-Muiz popular with his tolerance, he doesnt forced people at his conquest territories  convert to Shia, but give them liberation for  embraced their madzhab.  At 975 AD, Al-Muiz die and replaced by his successor, Al-Aziz ( ruled 975-996 AD).

Refrences:
Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Khaldun, Ibnu: Mukaddimah: Sebuah Karya Fenomenal Dari Cendekiawan Muslim Abad Pertengahan, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.

Mukti, Tri Nurul: Kepemimpinan Al-Muiz Li Dinillah Dan Perannya Dalam Perkembangan Dinasti Fatimiyah Di Mesir ( 953-975 M), Skripsi UIN  K.H.Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, 2023 M.