Yazid Ibn Muawiya: First Muslim Commander Who Besieged Constantinople.

Source: Kaffahnews.

Today, we will discuss Islamic Hero who for first time besieged Constantinople. He is Yazid Ibn Muawiya, son from first Caliph Of Umayyad Dynasty, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan.  And, Yazid has big role for realized Rasulullah Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s propechy that Constantinople will fall to Muslim s hand. Please read this article until end, because we will dicuss one Islamic Hero who for first time captured Capital City Of Byzantine Empire, Constantinople.

Yazid, is son from First Umayyad Caliph, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan.  Yazid born at 26 Hijriyya. At this time, his father, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan became Governor Of Syria and Palestine under Rashidun Caliphate. He educated by his father at his father s palace.

At 660 AD, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan coronated as Umayyad Caliph at Jerusalem, Palestine, and he make City Of Damascus as Umayyad Caliphate Capital.  At 658-659 AD, according Chronichle Of Theopanes, Muawiya held peace covenant with Byzantine Emperor, Constantine II. And at 669 AD, Muawiya send army under command his son, Yazid to captured Constantinople.  According Muslim Historian Ibn Kathir, Yazid Ibn Muawiya attack Byzantine Territories until Constantinople. Yazid sended by his father, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan with Syrian Army for help other Muslim Commander, Fadhalah Ibn Ubayd Al-Anshari. Historian Philip.K.Hitti argue, Yazid sended to attack Constantinople for answering  doubt from Puritan Muslims related Muawiya s policies to make Yazid as crownprince.  Yazid and his army besieged City Of Constantinople. Byzantine Empire lead by Emperor Constantine IV (( ruled 668-685 AD).  Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan, attack Constantinople for 3 times.

At 60 H, Yazid became caliph replaced his father, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan. At his goverment, broke civil war beetwen Ubaidullah Ibn Ziyad, Umayyad Leader at Iraq and Grandson from Rasulullah , Husayn Ibn Ali. Husayn die at this civil war, and Yazid Ibn Muawiya sad because this. He doesnt want Husayn die. Yazid  glorify Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s family.

At Era Of Yazid Ibn Muawiya s goverment, happened conquest at North Africa under Uqba Ibn Nafi.  Uqba conquer City Of As-Sus Al-Adna near Of City Of Tangier, Algeria.  But, conquest at Era Yazid Ibn Muawiya not many because at this era, Umayyad Dynasty also faced rival from internal goverment. Abdullah Ibn Zubayr was strengthen his postion at Hijaz and he disagree  Yazid s goverment because according his viewpoint, full with luxury.

At 683AD, Yazid send army to attack Medina that under Abdullah Ibn Zubayr s goverment.  And this army lead by Commander Muslim Ibn Uqba. At this army, also join several Syrian Christian Warriors. At 26 August 683 AD, Yazid d s army attack Mecca and at journey, Muslim Ibn Uqba die. Umayyad Army s commander replaced by Al-Husayn Ibn Numayr As-Sakuni. And Husayn Ibn Numayr attack Mecca and Kaba, Holy Islamic Site at Mecca destroyed.

Historian Al-Baladhuri write, at era of Yazid Ibn Muawiya s goverment, set Kharaj ( land tax) for Samaritan Jews at Palestine and Jordan. According Historian Al-Baladhuri, Samaritan Peoples usually became spy at Muslim Army.

At 683 AD, Al-Husayn attack rebels at Syria and at same time, Yazid die and at his time, Umayyad Dynasty shaked by civil war.  And, Umayyad Dynasty can reunite at era Caliph Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan, that was we discuss at this article: Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan: Arcithect From Umayyad s Golden Age - ACITYA HISTORY

Refrences:

Hitti, Philip.K.: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.

At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.

Syaikh Al-Baladzuri: Futuhul Buldan: Penaklukkan Negeri-negeri dari Fathu Makkah Sampai Negeri Sind, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2015 M.

Daulah Umayyah: Yazid bin Muawiyah (680-683 M) Tak Lepas dari Karbala | Republika Online, accesed 18 September 2024 , 10: 14 PM.