Uqba Ibn Nafi: Conqueror Of North Africa.
North Africa, became gate for
Muslims to entered Spain and preach Islam at this place. North Africa, became
important place at West Mediterrania.
Today, i will discuss about Muslim Commander who conquer North Africa from Byzantine Empire. After conquest of
North Africa, North Africa became one of Islamic Civilizatipon Center, but how
Muslim process to conquer North Africa? Ok, read this article until end, and
subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History.
After conquer Egypt from Byzantine ,
Islamic Army under Amr Ibn Ash, moved to
Tripoly at North Africa. They faced Byzantine s Navy, but Amr succeded defeat
them. But, at 645 AD, Amr retired , and new Muslim Commander, Abdullah Ibn Saad
Ibn Abi Sarah, moved to Tunisia. At Tunisia, they faced Army Of Byzantine and Berber,
Native Tribe Of North Africa, under Gregory. Abdullah Ibn Saad defeat Gregory
at this battle. According Historian Ibn
Jarir, factor of Muslim Invation at
Byzantine s basic at North Africa, because Byzantine Empire threat Territories Of Syria. At this battle, Gregory ( at Arabic
Literature: Jarjir) die because killed
by Abdullah Ibn Zubayr.
At 670 AD, Umayyad Caliph, Muawiyya
Ibn Abi Sufyan, appointed Uqba Ibn Nafi as governor at North Africa. Uqba Ibn
Nafi, is Rasulullah Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s shahaba, who born at
Mecca from Fihr family. He meet Rasulullah Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam when he still a children. His uncle is Amr Ibn Ash, one of important
officer at Rashidun Caliphate. At 642 AD, he joined Amr Ibn Ash at battle beetwen Tribes Of Berber at
Cyrenaica, Tripoly.
And now ( 670 AD), he became new
governor at North Africa. Uqba moved to
South Tunisia with 10.000 cavalry, and he conquer City Of Ifriqiyya. According
Yaqut the Geographer, when captured
Ifriqiya, he conquer his city with the
battle. He has a plan found a city that
became Islamic Basic at North Africa. He choose location at Qairawan, that at
this time, still forest. Uqba founded
Goverment Office, mosque, and several
houses at this place.
According Historian Baladhuri, Uqba
send Basr Ibn Abi Artaah to conquer Qairuwan and he captured Qairuwan from
enemy forces. Other version say, Uqba
was conquer it.
Muslim Goverment at North Africa,
after Uqba, replaced by Abu Al-Muhajir, because Uqba at 675 AD, captued by Abu
Al Muhajir , and Abu Al Muhajir bring him to Caliph Muawiya at Damascus. It is because politic rivality beetwen
himself and Abu Al-Muhajir, Abu Al-Muhajir, according Historian Hugh Kennedy,
is not Arabian, but maybe he is Greek
People. But, Uqba can back to North Africa. Abu Al-Muhajir, attack Christian
Kingdom Of Awraba , that became ally from Byzantine Empire. Abu Al-Muhajir
defeat King Of Awraba, Kusaila, and Kusaila convert to Islam. Kingdom Of
Awraba, now fight at sides of Muslim. At 678 AD, Abu Al-Muhajir besieged City
Of Chartage, one important city from Byzantine Empire.
Uqba moved from Qairawan to Baghaya,
at foot of Aures Mountain. At this
place, he defeat Byzantine Army, and he also move to City Of Monaster. He
defeat garrisons at this city, but doesnt occupied this place. After this, he
bring his army moved to Tahert. At this place, Byzantine and Berber Warrior out
to attack Muslim Army, but Muslim Army defeat them. Uqba conquer several territories
at Atlas Mountain. But, at Mountain Of
Aures, Uqba must faced Kusaila who defected
and attack Muslim Force. Broke battle and Uqba die at this battle.
Ok, it is my article today, next, i
will discuss about Musa Ibn Nushair s expedition at North Africa and how
Conquest Of North Africa influent to Conquest Of Spain? Wait the next article, if you love this
article and feel it is give you benefit, share this article to your beloved
people.
Refrences:
Kennedy,Hugh: Penaklukkan Muslim
Yang Mengubah Dunia, Penerbit Alvabet, 2015 M.
Al-Baladzuri: Futuhul
Buldan:Penaklukan Negeri-negeri dari Fathu Makkah Sampai Negeri Sind, Pustaka
Al-Kautsar, 2015 M.
Al-Hafizh Ibnu Katsir: Perjalanan
Hidup Empat Khalifah Rasul Yang Agung, Penerbit Darul Haq, 2012 M.
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