Fathimid Dynasty At Egypt: Shia Dynasty at Heart Of Islam World.

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Fathimid Dynasty, is one important Islamic Dynasty at Islam World. It is Shia Dynasty that ruled East Mediterrania and Egypt. And, dont forget, Fathimid Dynasty have a heritage that until now, used as education facility at Egypt, University Of Al Azhar. Ok, lets discuss it, wer will see, how Fathimid Dynasty flow at East Mediterrania? And what their role to Islamic World? Lets read this article until end.

Before this, i give a warning, because Fathimid Dynasty is one Shia Caliphate at Islamic History, at this article, i dont discuss about difference from faith Sunni and Shia. I only discuss about history of Fathimid Dynasty and this role to Islamic World.  If you want know different faith from Sunni and Shia, you can read at other book that discuss it.

Fathimid Dynasty, founded by Caliph Al-Mahdi at North Africa, at years of 909 AD, Caliph Al Mahdi claim himself as descedant from Rasulullah Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam, Al Mahdi succeded destroy powe of Khawariji at Tahart and Aghlabid Dynasty. Before this, North Africa ruled by Khawariji, Khawariji is radical sect from Islam, that entered North Africa because preached by Tribes Of Al Batr.  Before became a dynasty, this dynasty begin from Ismailid Shia sects that founded by Abdullah Ibn Maymun.

Caliph Al Mahdi expand his territories with conquer many territories, included Morocco, and at 941 AD, he occupied City Of Alexandria at Egypt.

Al Mahdi replaced by his son, Al Qaim ( ruled 934-945 AD), Al Qaim used his military power to conquer North Coastal Of Africa and attack Dynasty Of Idrisi. And, also, Al Qaim expand his territories to France Coastal, that located at Calabria.  Al Qaim tried conquer Egypt, but Fathimid Dynasty defeated by Ikshid Dynasty s army. Al Qaim also faced rebelion from Abu Yazid, he replaced by Al Manshur that ended rebellion of Abu Yazid.

At 341 H, Fathimid Caliphate lead by his greatest Caliph, named Al Muiz. Al Muiz conquer Egypt and make it as Fathimid Dynasty center, he also founded Mosque Of Al Azhar at Egypt, and conquer Island Of Sicily. When ruled, he lead fairly and spread wealth to his people.

When Era Of Al Muiz, Fathimid Dynasty ruled Egypt, North Africa, Syria, and Hijaz until Yemen.

After Al Muiz, Fathimid Caliphate lead by Caliph Al-Aziz, that make Mosque Of Al Azhar to Al Azhar University. About education system at Al Azhar University, ever we discuss at this article:

History Of Al-Azhar University At Medieval Age - ACITYA HISTORY

At Era Of Goverment Caliph Al Aziz, science at Fathimid Dynasty flow, this proof is appear several scientits at this era, such as Al Haytham at optic and science, and Ibn Yunus at time science.

Al Aziz die at 996 AD, and he replaced by his son, Al-Hakim. But, Al-Hakim is very cruel leader and he oppress Christian and Jews Civilian. Caliph Al Hakim also destroy Church Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, that according Historian Carole Hillenbrand, became a main factor of First Crusade. At 1097-1098 AD, Fathimid Army under Fathimid Prime Minister, Al Afdhal, occupied Jerusalem at Palestine. But, at Crusade Era, Fathimid Dynasty more weak, because, at 1110 AD, was established four Crusader State, that occupied Palestine and around it: Jerusalem, Edessa, Antiokhia, and Tripoli. They succeded  hold Fathimid Dynasty at coastal and Fathimid Dynasty only ruled Egypt. According Historian Carole Hilenbrand, Fathimid Dynasty lost many territories at Coastal, because occupied by Crusader.

Along 1164-1171 AD, Fathimid Dynasty collapsed because Nur Addin Zengi s expedition to Egypt for defeat Fathimid leaders who collab with Crusader for attack Zangid Dynasty. For Nur Addin s expedition to Egypt to conquer Fathimid Dynasty, has we discuss at this article:

Nur Ad Din Zengi: Saladin S Mentor. ( Part 2) The Legendary Battle Of Harim - ACITYA HISTORY

Nur addin Zengi: Saladin S Mentor ( Part 3): Annexation Of Egypt. - ACITYA HISTORY

From this article, we will studied, govement, if lead by fair and competent person, will be forward  goverment, and when lead by incompetent and cruel person, will destroyed at this time.

Ok, it is my article, see you next time at next article. Dont forget subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History.

Source:
Hillenbrand, Carolle: Perang Salib Sudut Pandang Islam, Penerbit Serambi Ilmu Semesta, 2015 M.

Hodgson, Marshal G.S: The Venture Of Islam: Iman dan Sejarah dalam Peradaban Dunia: Masa Klasik Islam: Buku kedua: Peradaban Khalifah Agung, Penerbit Paramadina, 2002 M.

As-Shallabi, DR.Muhammad Ali: Sejarah Daulah Umawiyah & Abbasiyah, Penerbit Ummul Qura, 2021 M.

Supriadin J, Irwan: Dinasti Fatimiyah: Analisis Kemajuan dan Runtuhnya Peradaban Islam di Mesir, Jurnal Islam Fitua, Vo.2, No.1, Juni, 2020 M.