History Of Al-Azhar University At Medieval Age
Al-Azhar University is one from
important Islamic University at the world, that located at Egypt. And, Al-Azhar
University , from past time, popular in the eyes of Muslim, and today, i will
discuss history about Al-Azhar University at Islamic Medieval Era . Before
this, please subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History, and
read this article until end for get full information about this.
Al-Azhar Universty stated by a mosque
that founded by Jawhar Al Shiqilli, Fathimid Dynasty s general. In 969 AD, Fathimid Dynasty that
based at North Africa, do campaign to conquer Egypt from Ikshid Dynasty, and
Jawhar became general in this campaign, he succeded captured Capital Of Ikhsid
Dynasty Of Egypt, Fusthat, at 969 AD,
and Jawhar founded new city that became new capital of Fathimid Dynasty,
Al-Qahirah ( Cairo). At 972 AD, Jawhar founded Mosque Of Al-Azhar. Greatest
Caliph Of Fathimid, Al-Aziz ( ruled 975-996 AD) founded University Of Al-Azhar.
Important for know, Mosque Of Al-Azhar founded when Fathimid Dynasty lead by
Caliph Abu Tamim Maadd Al-Muiz ( 952-975 AD). In Era Of Al-Muiz, Mosque Of Al-Azhar
became center of Shia learning, because Fathimid Dynasty is Shia Dynasty,
Al-Muiz employ several teacher at Mosque Of Al-Azhar, Prime Minister Of
Fathimid Dynasty, Yaqub Ibn Killis, make Mosque Of Al-Azhar became center of
knowledge, not only Center Of Shia s sect, and at Mosque Of Al-Azhar, teach
several books, such as Asrar Al-Bathiniyyah by Imam Al-Baqilani, Al-Milal
Wa an-Nihal by Syahrastani, and Rasail Ikhwan Ash-Shafa.
Education system at Al-Azhar Mosque
at Era Of Fathimid Dynasty is Halaqah , Halaqah is Islamic
Traditional Education System, that students sit with shape of round around the
teacher that teach the lesson, if number of students are so many, teacher will
sit at the chair, so that students can hear his sound. The summit of Halaqah
happened at Friday, after Pray Of Ashr, at this time, scholars who
competent at fiqh, hadith, Koran Interpretation, Qiraat ( how read Koran
with beautiful voice) and literature came to mosque and teach their knowledge.
At 1171 AD, after protect Egypt from
Crusader Invasion, Saladin close Fathimid Dynasty and he became Ruler Of Egypt,.
Saladin popular as founder from Ayyubid Dynasty, for Zengid Invasion to Egypt
and Saladin s role, you can read this article:
Nur
Ad Din Zengi: Saladin S Mentor. ( Part 2) The Legendary Battle Of Harim -
ACITYA HISTORY
When Saladin ruled Egypt, Al-Azhar
became Center Of Sunni Madzhab , because Sunni is official Madzhab from Ayyubid
Dynasty, at University Of Al-Azhar, teached fourth madzhab from Sunni ( Syafii,
Hanafi, Hambali, and Maliki) and at the age of Saladin, University Of Al-Azhar
can held 25 college at Cairo and other territories.
At 665 H, Egypt ruled by Mameluke
Dynasty that at this time lead by Az-Zhahir Baybars, Al-Azhar achieved his golden age during time
of Mameluke Dynasty, under Mameluke Dynasty, Al-Azhar can be center of
knowledge, such as medicine, astronomy, architectur, geography, and other.
Al-Azhar also out Ijazah for student
who finish his studied, Ijazah is mark the student can teach his knowledge.
When 790 H, according notes Of
Khatib Jauhari, happened epydemics at Egypt, and at 1430 AD, epydemics achieved his summit, until many
People Of Egypt die, Mameluke Sultan, Ashraf Barsbay, command 40 Rasulullah Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam descedants ( Sharif) to share Sultan s assets , that
achieved 5000 dirham, and went to Mosque Of Al Azhar for Pray Jumat and read
Koran with people, tomorrow, the epydemic
reduced and disappear from Egypt.
Al-Azhar renovated by Sultan Qaitbay
Of Mameluke, and at 1510 AD, Sultan Al Ghury Of Mameluke build the popular
tower at Al Azhar Mosque that called by Dzat Rassain , or two headed tower,
that became icon of Al-Azhar Mosque until today.
Ok, it is our discussion at today,
share this article if you feel this article give you benefit and goodbye at
next article.
Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Habiburrahman, Mujahid, dkk: Studi
Dan Wisata Di Mesir, CV Wahana Resolusi, 2023 M.
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