Jalal Addin Akbar: Sincretist Or Tolerant?

 

Source: Historypak.

Today, we will discuss about Jalal Addin Akbar. One figure from Mughal Empire at India who considered as controvertial figure because he make new teaching that collect Islam, Hinduism, Budhism, and Zoroastrianism at one ideology. It is true he make this idea? And how he lead Mughal Empire at India? Ok, please read this article until end, because at this article, we will discuss one most controvertial figure at Islamic History and how he considered beetwen tolerant and controvertial people. And, dont forget, subscribe our blog for more information about Islamic History.

Jalal Addin Akbar, is son from second ruler of Mughal Dynasty,  Nasheer Ad-Din Humayyun. Akbar ruled from 1560-1605 AD. He became sultan at 12 years old, because Nasheer Ad-Din Humayun s die. And, because he started his goverment at so young age, he run  his goverment with help from Bayram Khan, his prime minister. Bayram Khan, is one Shia Muslims who became officer at Mughal Empire.

When he ruled as Mughal Emperor, Akbar make reformation for Mughal Empire. He open  oppurtunity for Hindus People at India for became goverment officer like Muslims. Akbar also erased tax that make by Muslim Rulers before Mughal Dynasty for Hindus People who want visit Hindus Temple. He command to his army for protect all worship place , not only mosque for Muslims. And, he make reformation for politic administration. He make new laws that an officer only  served at certain time. And , officer cannot served until he die.

And, Akbar popular with his ideology, Din Illahi, sincretism from Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism. He make this ideology for became solution conflict beetwen Hindu and Muslims at India, that was became old problem from Ghaznavid Dynasty Era.  As example, Muslim Historian Ibn Kathir, write, at 418 H, Ghaznavid Emperor, Mahmud Ibn Subuktigin,  attack India, and destroy big statue, Sumanat and kill 50.000 Indians.  Akbar, doing step for make peace solution beetwen Muslims and Hindu at India. He choose to compare Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism, and also Zoroastrianism at one ideology.  Akbar declared Din Ilahi at 1582 AD.  Akbar also build new city for his ideology center, Fatehpur Sikhri. Teach from Din Illahi, is forbid eat cow meat for respect to Hindu Faith and permit Muslims mary Pagan Womens. And, also Pagan Mens can married Muslim Womens. Akbar, married Hindu Princess and make his son from this Hindu Princess, Mohammad Jehangir, as his successor.

At Akbar s Goverment Era, one Spiritual Teacher, Nanak, came to Akbar and tell his experience pilgrim to Mecca and read Koran ( Islamic Holy Book) at Mecca.  After this, he confess his self as god. Akbar give him land for build City Of Amritsar and Nanak, found Sect Of Sikh.

Akbar, also expand Mughal Territories to many part from India Territories and Afghanistan. His policy get different responts from several Historians.  Researcher Aidil Fitrah, example, consider Akbar s Goverment as best age for Mughal Dynasty. Islamic Study and Research Team Of Egypt, consider Akbar s ideology, Din I Illahi , as freak ideology.  Historian Tamim Ansary said: ‘It is dont ideals for Hindus and Muslims. And Researcher Mas Rangga Yuda, said , it is illegal Islamic Teaching and it is Sincretism Ideology.  How commentar from Akbar ideology, it is back to Historians Perspective. But, whatever it is, Akbar succeded make India as tolerant territories under Mughal Dynasty.  Akbar die at 1605 AD and replaced by his son, Jahangir.

Refrences:

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad: Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2016 M.

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.

Yuda, M. R., & Wahyudi, D. Y. (2022). Sinkretisme Keagamaan: Din Ilahi Sultan Jalaluddin Akbar Sebagai Media Toleransi dan Politik Dinasti Mughal 1560-1605. Nalar: Jurnal Peradaban dan Pemikiran Islam, 6(1), 38-48.

Fitrah, A., Sarimah, N., Febriani, E., Dinda, D., Koryati, K., Fitriani, N., & Noviani, D. (2024). Sejarah Perkembangan Dinasti Mughal dan Penguasa Muslim di Tanah India Tahun 1525-1857. Mutiara: Jurnal Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah, 2(1), 283-296.